Cyber Security Threats and Solutions PDF – Key Insights from CIMA P3
Justyna Wachulka-Chan
- March 24, 2026
- 2 minutes read
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PDF Summary
In today’s digital world, businesses rely heavily on technology — from cloud storage to ERP systems — making them increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats. A single breach can compromise sensitive personal or business data, disrupt operations, and severely damage a company’s reputation. Here’s a detailed overview of the different aspects of cyber security threats and how organizations can stay protected.
Overview of Cyber Security Threats
Cyber security threats target sensitive information, which includes personally identifiable information (PII), business-related data, and classified records.
Organizations rely on various technologies such as ERP systems, VPNs, cloud platforms, and data centers — all of which can become vulnerable entry points for cyber attackers.
The risk of cyber threats increases during times of business transition, such as expansion, mergers and acquisitions, internal restructuring, or system upgrades.
Cyber Security Objectives
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Availability: Ensuring continuous access to services and systems (e.g., uninterrupted online transactions).
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Confidentiality: Safeguarding sensitive information like PII from unauthorized access.
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Integrity: Maintaining accuracy and preventing unauthorized alterations to data.
Types of Cyber Security Risks
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Malware: Malicious software that includes ransomware, botnets, spyware, trojans, and viruses.
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Application Attacks: Exploits such as denial-of-service (DoS), SQL injections, and cross-site scripting (XSS).
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Hacking: Unauthorized access to systems by insiders or external actors to steal or disrupt information.
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Social Engineering: Psychological manipulation methods like phishing and spear phishing aimed at exploiting human behavior.
Social Media Risks
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Organizational Risks: Human errors, reputational damage, hacking, inactivity, and regulatory violations.
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Personal Risks: Trolling, employment concerns, identity fraud, and data permanence issues.
Case Study & Best Practices
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A real-world scenario highlights the importance of regular penetration testing to identify vulnerabilities.
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Organizations should update security patches, investigate failures, and conduct ongoing cyber security evaluations to stay protected.
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About the Author
Justyna Wachulka-Chan
Justyna Wachulka-Chan is a CIMA-qualified finance professional with over 20 years of experience in accounting and finance, including roles at KPMG. She founded Practice Tests Academy in 2016, helping 35,000+ CIMA and ACCA students pass their exams through structured practice questions and mock exam resources.
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